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The pygmy possums are a family of small Phalangeriformes that together form the marsupial family Burramyidae. The five extant species of pygmy possum are grouped into two genus. Four of the species are endemism to Australia, with one species also co-occurring in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.
Pygmy possums range in length from about , and usually weigh between . They are nocturnal and omnivore, living on a diet of , fruit, seed, nectar and pollen. They are excellent climbers, due in part to their prehensility tails. Although they cannot glide like some possums, some species can leap long distances. (1989). 9780644060561, Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 9780644060561 They have a prehensile tail for grabbing branches, but spend most of their time on the ground.
Conservation International (CI) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) reported the possible discovery of a new species of Cercartetus pygmy possum upon visit to the Foja Mountains in June 2007.
The mountain pygmy possum is the only mammal restricted to the alpine and sub-alpine areas of mainland Australia. It was thought to be extinct until rediscovered in 1966 at Mt Higginbotham in Victoria. They are the only Australian marsupial that hibernates. Given the alpine climates in which they live they store energy in fat deposits before rolling into a ball and engaging in heterothermy during winter months.
† = extinct species
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